DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Compiled by Oba Mike
INSTRUCTION: Practice without the answers first.
1. The digestive system functions majorly in:
Intake and transportation of gases to tissues
Distribution of nutrients to tissues
Reduction of complex food substances into absorbable forms
Elimination of bacteria
2. An accessory digestive organ is:
Mouth
Stomach
Pancreas
Caecum
3. Chemical digestion is mostly carried out by:
Teeth and tongue
Skeletal and smooth muscle
Enzymes and acids
Hormones and mucus
4. The simple columnar epithelium lining the stomach and intestines function in:
Absorption
Protection
Digestion
excretion
5. Chemical digestion is mostly carried out by:
Teeth and tongue
Skeletal and smooth muscle
Enzymes and acids
Hormones and mucus
6. A superior relation of the oral cavity is:
Palate
Tongue
Cheek
Oropharynx
7. During chewing, food is kept between the upper and lower teeth by the action of:
Mandible and maxilla
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
Tongue and lips
Hard and soft palate
8. Which of this information about deciduous dentition is false?
There are twenty teeth
Premolars are absent
There are three molars
Eruption begins at six month
9. Premolars and molars function majorly in:
Chopping and cutting
Biting and tearing
Crushing and grinding
Pinching and punching
10. The stomach lining is protected from HCl by alkaline secretions from:
Mucous neck cells
Surface mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
11. The intake of food into the mouth is termed:
Ingestion
Digestion
Swallowing
Biting
12. The wall of the gastrointestinal tract consists of the following layers except:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Serosa
Visceral
13. The serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the viscera is called:
Mesocolon
Mesentery
Omentum
Peritoneum
14. The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the:
Gums
Hard palate
Oral vestibule
Gingivae
15. A salivary gland located anterior and inferior to the ear is:
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Lingual gland
16. The digestion of starch begins in the mouth by the action of:
Lingual lipase
Maltase
Enterokinase
Salivary amylase
17. Mechanical digestion in the mouth is carried out by:
Teeth and tongue
Salivary amylase
Hard and soft palate
Gums and cheeks
18. The location of the oesophagus is:
Anterior to the trachea
Posterior to the trachea
Posterior to the vertebral column
Lateral to the vertebral column
19. Entry of food into the stomach is regulated by:
Cricopharyngeal sphincter
Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Iliocaecal sphincter
20. The voluntary stage of deglutition is:
Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Oesophageal stage
Gastric stage
21. The main storage portion of the stomach is:
Fundus
Body
Anthrum
Pylorus
22. Mixing of food with gastric juice occurs majorly at:
Fundus
Body
Anthrum
Pylorus
23. What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Prevents backward movement of food into the oesophagus
Prevents backward movement of food into the stomach
Facilitates gastric emptying
Stimulates gastric juice secretion
24. Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the stomach by:
Mucous neck cells
Surface mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
25. The stomach lining is protected from HCl corrosion by:
Mucous neck cells
Surface mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
26. Mixture of food and gastric juice forms:
Bolus
Gastrin
Chyme
Mucus
27. Which of these is not a function of stomach acid?
Deactivation of salivary amylase
Conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin
Breakdown of starch
Destruction of bacteria
28. Heartburn is commonly caused by:
Reflux of stomach acid into the oesophagus
Contact of stomach acid with the heart
Weak pyloric sphincter
High cardiac temperature
29. Which of this information about the small intestine is false?
It is about 5 metres long
It absorbs 90% of nutrients
It secretes hormones such as cholecystokinin and secretin
It is shorter than the large intestine
30. The shortest portion of the small intestine is:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
31. Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?
Cholecystokinin
Insulin
Gastrin
Secretin
32. The small intestine has a large surface area for absorption due to
Circular folds
Villi
Microvilli
Its length
33. The gallbladder:
Produces bile
Stores bile
Secretes enzymes
Attaches to the anterior surface of the liver
34. Enzymes that digest carbohydrates are produced by:
Mouth and Stomach
Mouth and salivary glands
Salivary glands and pancreas
Stomach and Liver
35. The primary function of bile is:
Emulsification of lipids
Breakdown of fats
Digestion of carbohydrates
Production of hormones
36. The greater curvature of the stomach faces:
Medially
Laterally
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
37. The stomach is continuous with the oesophagus at:
Gastric sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Cardiac sphincter
Iliocecal sphincter
38. The vein that conveys absorbed nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is called:
Gastric vein
Hepatic vein
Gastointestinal vein
Hepatic portal vein
39. The average length of the small intestine is:
10 metres
5 metres
3 metres
1 metres
40. Oxygenated blood supply to the liver is via:
Hepatic artery
Portal artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
41. 90% of absorption occurs at:
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Liver
42. Which layer of the GIT contains epithelial tissues?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
43. The adventitia is only found at:
Mouth
Oesophagus
Small intestine
Large intestine
44. The two principal lobes of the liver are separated by a peritoneal fold called:
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Mesentery
45. Bile leaves the liver through:
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
46. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas enters the duodenum via:
Common bile duct
Cystic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Pancreatic duct
47. Digestion of starch in the small intestine is done by:
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Lingual lipase
Pepsinogen
48. The lip is attached to the gum by:
Hard palate
Soft palate
Lingual frenulum
Labial frenulum
49. The entrance to the oral cavity is called:
Lips
Vestibule
Teeth
Gingivae
50. During Swallowing, food is kept away from the nasopharynx by:
Soft palate and Uvula
Epiglottis
Hard palate and Tongue
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
51. Where are the palatine tonsils situated?
Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Between the nasopharynx and oropharynx
Between the oral cavity and nasal cavity
Between the oral cavity and pharynx
52. The superior surface of the tongue is lined by:
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
53. The tongue plays a digestive role in:
Taste
Swallowing
Speech
Chewing
54. An example of a minor salivary gland is:
Parotid gland
Hyoid gland
Labial gland
Oral gland
55. Which of these is not a component of saliva?
Water
Mucus
Amylase
Creatinine
56. The average quantity of saliva produced daily is:
5 litres
3 litres
2.5 litres
1.5 litres
57. What happens during dehydration?
Salivary glands secrete more saliva
Salivary glands secrete less saliva
More salivary amylase is secreted
Less salivary amylase is secreted
58. Which of these is not a product of starch digestion in the mouth?
Glucose
Maltose
Maltotriose
α-dextrin
59. The precise location of the teeth is:
Gums cavity
Alveolar processes of maxillae and mandible
Periodontal ligament
Apical foramen
60. The tooth is protected against wear and tear by:
Dentin
Enamel
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
61. The most visible portion of the tooth is:
Dentin
Enamel
Cementum
Gingivae
62. The major component of the tooth is:
Gingivae
Dentin
Enamel
Crown
63. The root of the tooth is attached to the periodontal ligament by:
Gingivae
Cementum
Root canal
Pulp cavity
64. The internal space within the crown is called:
Root canal
Pulp cavity
Apical foramen
Gingival sulcus
65. The total number of molars in the permanent teeth is:
3
6
9
12
66. The adult canines are:
1
2
3
4
67. Deciduous dentition has:
3 molars
2 premolars
2 incisors
1 molar
68. Tearing of food such as meat is conveniently done using:
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
69. Chemical digestion begins in which of these organs?
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
70. Absorption begins in the:
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestine
71. The pharynx begins from the oral cavity and terminates anteriorly at:
Hard palate
Fauces
oesophagus
Larynx
Use the diagram below to answer questions 72 – 77
72. The part labelled C is:
Pylorus
Body
Lesser curvature
Fundus
73. The portion labelled A is faces:
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Medially
Laterally
74. The rugae are labelled as:
A
D
E
G
75. Contraction of the stomach is achieved by the action of:
B
D
G
H
76. Food is mainly stored in:
B
C
E
F
77. The pyloric sphincter is:
A
B
G
H
78. The average length of the oesophagus is:
10 cm
15 cm
20 cm
25 cm
79. The oesophagus is located:
Anterior to the trachea
Posterior to the trachea
Behind the vertebral column
Medial to the sternum
80. The outer layer of the oesophagus is:
Mucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
Adventitia
81. The movement of food from the oral cavity into the oropharynx forms the _______ phase of swallowing:
Oral phase
Pharyngeal phase
Oesophageal phase
Laryngeal phase
82. During the _______ phase of deglutition, impulses are sent to the deglutition centres in the brainstem
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal
Laryngeal
83. Peristalsis occurs in which phase of deglutition?
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal
Laryngeal
84. The hormone gastrin is secreted in:
Liver
Stomach
Duodenum
Caecum
85. A superior relation of the ascending colon is:
Hepatic flexure
Splenic flexure
Stomach
Liver
86. The head of the pancreas is usually surrounded by:
Liver
Diaphragm
Duodenum
Pancreas
87. Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach by:
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Pepsin cells
Mucous neck cells
88. In the stomach, salivary amylase is deactivated by:
HCl
Pepsinogen
Pepsin
Lingual lipase
89. The middle portion of the small intestine is:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
90. The longest part of the small intestine is:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
91. Blood supply to the small intestine is via:
Intestinal artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
Gastrointestinal artery
92. The duodenum is protected from acidic chyme by alkaline secretions from:
Crypts of lieberkuhn
Peyer’s patches
Brunners glands
Microvilli
93. In the small intestine, sucrose is broken down into:’
Glucose and fructose
Glucose and galactose
Glucose and maltotriose
Glucose and maltose
94. The end product of protein digestion is:
Peptides
Proteases
Amino acids
Glycoproteins
95. Digested food substances are absorbed into the blood and taken to the liver by:
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric veins
Hepatic portal veins
Gastroepiploic veins
96. The average length of the large intestine is:
1 metre
1.5 metres
5 metres
10 metres
97. The second part of the large intestine is:
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
98. Voluntary contraction of the anus to retain faeces is possible due to the presence of:
External anal sphincter
Internal anal sphincter
Gluteus maximum
Gluteus minimus
99. Which of these is not part of the portal triad?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic Vein
Portal Vein
Hepatic portal vein
100. Which of these is not a function of the liver?
Secretion of bile
Detoxification of drugs
Digestion of food
Excretion of bilirubin
101. What is your total score?
100% (Genius)
More than 80% but less than 100% (Excellent)
Less than 80% but more than 50% (Good)
Less than 50% (Poor)
Answers
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. B
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. A
21. A
22. B
23. B
24. D
25. B
26. C
27. C
28. A
29. D
30. A
31. A
32. B
33. B
34. C
35. A
36. B
37. C
38. D
39. B
40. A
41. A
42. A
43. B
44. C
45. C
46. C
47. B
48. D
49. B
50. A
51. A
52. B
53. D
54. C
55. D
56. D
57. B
58. A
59. B
60. B
61. B
62. B
63. B
64. D
65. D
66. D
67. C
68. B
69. A
70. B
71. D
72. D
73. C
74. C
75. B
76. B
77. D
78. D
79. B
80. D
81. A
82. B
83. C
84. B
85. D
86. C
87. A
88. A
89. B
90. C
91. B
92. C
93. A
94. C
95. C
96. B
97. A
98. A
99. C
100. C
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